What doctrine requires a plaintiff to demonstrate injury in fact to bring a lawsuit?

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Multiple Choice

What doctrine requires a plaintiff to demonstrate injury in fact to bring a lawsuit?

Explanation:
Standing is the doctrine that sets the threshold for who may sue by requiring injury in fact. This means the plaintiff must show a concrete, particularized injury that is actual or imminent and fairly traceable to the defendant’s conduct, with a likelihood that the court can remedy the injury. It keeps the courts reserved for real disputes rather than abstract grievances. The other concepts—mootness (the case is no longer live), ripeness (the issue is not yet appropriate for decision), and res judicata (claims already decided or barred by a prior judgment)—do not address this initial requirement of an actual injury to sue.

Standing is the doctrine that sets the threshold for who may sue by requiring injury in fact. This means the plaintiff must show a concrete, particularized injury that is actual or imminent and fairly traceable to the defendant’s conduct, with a likelihood that the court can remedy the injury. It keeps the courts reserved for real disputes rather than abstract grievances. The other concepts—mootness (the case is no longer live), ripeness (the issue is not yet appropriate for decision), and res judicata (claims already decided or barred by a prior judgment)—do not address this initial requirement of an actual injury to sue.

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